A month with two purple patches

The outstanding issue at the time of the last diary was the scarlet elf cap fungus and which of the two species of Sarcoscypha it would turn out to be. In early March a return visit to Reelig Glen was eventually sorted and the slightly hairy trip along the side of the steep-sided Moniack Burn was made. This amazing glen and its magnificent mix of old conifer and broadleaved trees really is worth a visit. The current woodland, now owned by the Forestry Commission, was established in the mid-1800s under the ownership of the Fraser family – in particular James Baillie Fraser who was responsible for the planting of the policy woodlands which now form the ancient stand of mixed woodland found on site today. A car park, signposted from the A862 Inverness to Beauly road, gives access, and a well made up path takes you along one bank of the burn to an old stone bridge and grotto allowing you to cross the burn and return along the other side. The walk takes you through a group of Douglas Firs which are amongst the tallest trees in Britain. A sign at the base of one introduces you to Dougall Mor, which, until February 2009, WAS the tallest tree in Britain at 204'. However, another Douglas fir near Dunans Castle in Argyll was climbed and measured at 209' – taking the title. Having climbed a few Douglas firs in Morayshire at over 100' to ring osprey chicks the 200' versions must be real Jack and the beanstalk climbs! See http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/7911032.stm

The scary bit of the Moniack Burn starts up-stream of the bridge and grotto and despite having a GPS reference for the fungus it took quite a bit of re-finding. Eventually there it was, glowing bits of red still peeking out from the vegetation (right). A photo was taken and a single sample for Liz to check. On one outcrop of rock on the way back to the path a few clumps of harts tongue fern were found, another addition for the site. The tube and fungus were packed off first class to Liz and a day later the news came back that the version of scarlet elf cap fungus was Sarcoscypha austriaca, a fungus with few records this far north in Britain, making the return trip well worthwhile. The map from the NBN (National Biodiversity Network) website gives an idea of the importance of this find. The fungus was found close to the Inverness/Beauly Firth area on the NBN map. Amazing.

Working through the many lists of species in the files at Abernethy over the last twelve months shows the reserve is home to just over 4000 species of plants and animals. This has attracted the attention of a few journalists particularly when we mention the water beetle Agabus wasastjernae found in 1993, alive, when its previous finds had been as fossils from peat samples from two sites in England. The dates of the fossil deposits showed that the beetle was present in Britain before the last Ice Age (one was ca. 15,000 years before present and the other 40,000 years). The fossils were actually skeletal remains (wing cases, heads etc) preserved in the peat, with several beetle parts found at each site. “Do you have a photograph of the beetle?” was a regularly asked question to which we had to answer no. A mounted specimen but not a photo, so the next task was to try and find one to photograph. John, our visiting beetle expert, originally found several beetles at one of the bogs in the forest and I had personally found another site on Abernethy and a single site on a neighbouring estate – still the only location known outside Abernethy. So, armed with pond-dipping net, polythene sheet for sorting net contents and a camera, I made my way up into the forest to see if the beetle could be re-found. The beetle is found in pools of water underneath moss- covered Scots pine stumps (as photo left), actually in amongst the roots. It is a case of checking each root hole by inserting the net, wiggling it around, hoping to have a water beetle in amongst the peaty debris. The beetle remains rare in Britain because the habitat it requires is rare, a tree dying naturally on a mire, the slight movement of water possibly being responsible for the pool under the root. To most folk the pool under the root is completely invisible, and it is only by parting the mossy covering and feeling if there is water can the sites be found. There are lots of moss covered mound on these sites without a drop of “hidden” water. Over a period of an hour several pools had been found but no beetles emerged from the peaty debris. The beetle is about half of the size, but the same shape as those tasty sunflower seeds that you put out for the birds, so looking for something black in amongst wet peaty debris isn’t easy, the knack being to wait for some movement as the beetle tries to hide. A move to a part of the mire where the beetle hadn’t been found previously did the trick and there was a beetle of the right size and shape which would have to be transported home to be checked under the microscope. A commoner close relative is also found in these watery holes and it is only by checking the patterning on the beetles wing cases (elytra) that you know you have the right species. The site was GPS-ed and photographed and on returning home the beetle turned out to be Agabus wasastjernae, all that was needed now was a photograph – something easier said than done with something that is constantly trying to hide! A photo of a kind was obtained and the beetle was returned to its watery home, none the worse for its wee adventure. An earlier beetle (in 1994) made a trip via the mail to Epsom to be confirmed by John before being posted back and released a couple of days later unharmed. The lengths we go to……. The beetle might just star in an article in this weeks Sunday Telegraph (3 May) but with 4000 other species to compete with, perhaps it won’t.

Around the place the early spring flowers started to appear with the Good Friday grass (Luzula campestris) once again leading the way. Wandering the higher slopes of the Cairngorms last autumn looking for the arctic stagshorn clubmoss, I started to think about some of the early spring mountain flowers, some of which I haven’t seen for many years. In particular I had fond memories of the early splash of colour on some of the slightly lime rich rocks when the purple saxifrage puts in an appearance usually during March and April and made a note that should the opportunity arise, it was something to try and see. The opportunity came via a work colleague who had been out for a weekend moss and lichen recording and reported seeing the leafy runners, lots of buds and a few open flowers on one of the rock faces they had visited close to Loch Ness. A note was made of location and a couple of weeks allowed to pass for more flowers to develop and on the next day off I headed west. A very steep climb up a heathery hillside lead to a sheer rock face and after a bit of searching the first patch of flowering brilliance was found. An amazing splash of colour to say that we were only in the third week of March, making the hike up the hill well worthwhile. On the way back I popped in to the RSPB reserve at Loch Ruthven (no grebes) and then over the Farr Road to the River Findhorn (Eagle Ally) where heather burning on the grouse moors was progressing apace. The smoke always makes the fires look much worse than they are though with the dry spring weather this year in the Highlands quite a few fires have got away from the beaters and the fire brigade has been kept busy.

The first warm days of April brought out the first bumblebees of the year and in the garden the first bee looks like it was Bombus hortorum – the garden bumblebee. This particular bee was caught out with the weather, easy to fly when the sun was out but very difficult to take off when the sun disappeared and the temperature dropped to about five degrees centigrade. However, taking refuge on the open crocus flowers it was at least able to have a wee feed whilst waiting for the sun to return. A week or two later a few other bees were visiting the newly-opened flowers, particularly the big trumpets of daffodils. Not all bees though go in through the front of the flower to pollen or nectar, some will just push their long tongues through the base. This bee was caught in the act as it visited several daffodils and pierced the base of the flowers in all cases. Some bees have very long tongues, just watch them next time they visit flowers in your garden. Length of tongue is sometimes a help when trying to identify a particular bumblebee. Finlay, our grandson, has also developed a fascination with ‘bumbey-bees’ and will often grab our hands to go looking for them around the garden.

A return visit was made to one of the Beauly woods to collect a bit more information on two of the lichens found there on an earlier visit. With help from lichen expert Sheila Street we now know that what I thought was Lobaria virens is actually that species (right), so a new 10km square record for the lichen atlas. A second Lobaria photographed in the same wood turned out to be Lobaria scrobiculata, something new for the wood in which it was found. No, I am not about to start identifying lichens but checking out the odd one will be the order of the day, and hopefully I can add a little information regarding their distribution. This visit though, was not without a cost. The twinge in the hip that developed as I walked into the wood, that should have been rested to give it chance to recover, is still sore seven weeks on. Recovery is well enough advanced to be back on my bike to work and hopefully the daily ice pack will be discarded in a few more days, but the overall effect has meant less visits with cameras here, there and everywhere. I hope enough photos though will allow a reasonable diary in May but with little bending, walking etc the camera hasn’t been to the fore. The photo left shows why the problem might have developed!

That’s all for now, enjoy the read.

Best wishes
Stewart & Janet

Apple moss complete with 'apples'

All photos © Stewart Taylor

Nature's snow legacy

Many apologies for the delay in getting this edition of the diary (typed in early March!) on to the website – a Google Account change caused a few problems - which we are thankful to Douglas for sorting.

It has happened again! A week’s holiday planned (early March) and it has started to snow. If you are thinking of planning a skiing holiday, just give me a call! However, I don’t think we are heading for the same amounts as early February.

February’s snow proved to be quite a major event. The depth of snow meant that just getting around was very difficult for several days and the heavy first fall (Firwood bird table right), then heavy frost followed by a slight thaw, more frost and a few more inches of snow had many young trees around the place bent double. Juniper bushes were laid low but in most cases the springiness of the limbs allowed the bushes to pop back up once the thaw arrived. Abernethy is famous for its open grown “Granny” pines and branches on many of these trees, despite having seen many decades and in some cases, centuries of snow, were snapped off. Quite frightening when you are walking through the forest and, with the crack of a rifle shot, another big branch gives way and it comes tumbling down. In several parts of the forest whole trees have been brought down by snow, and these along with bigger branches created several thousand tonnes of fresh deadwood around the reserve. The cones attached to some of the fallen branches are being collected by local contractors to add to those collected from the lower branches to be bagged up and sent off to the Forestry Commission seed bank at Alice Holt. Once there the cones will be dried so that the seeds may be extracted, then stored until a tree nursery is looking to grow native Scots pine trees of Abernethy stock in order to meet the requirements of the Forestry Commission's grant scheme. The same crop of cones is currently feeding the local crossbills and red squirrels and come April these same cones will start to crack open on warm days, naturally releasing the seeds and via a very small percentage, the next generation of Scots pine trees.

A couple of the snow damaged trees are worth further mention. The first is or was, probably the biggest and oldest willow in Abernethy. This leviathan must be a couple of centuries old and amazingly had its photo taken standing right by me (left) on 21 January, just before the snow arrived. This photo was taken for the diary just so I could show you its knobbly beauty and massive size. Just after the photo was taken I turned to look at one of the knobbles and there staring back at me were 6 green shield-moss capsules. How had I missed them in the past? I re-visited the tree on 16 February just as the thaw was starting, to be greeted by a scene of devastation: the tree was on its side toppled by the great weight of snow (right). I knew that the moss was telling me that the tree was dying but I hadn’t fully appreciated just how dead it was and how little hold the roots had within the ground. I have no doubt that some parts of the tree will carry on growing but even when it is fully dead it will probably take another century or two before the decaying tree finally turns to humus and disappears into the ground.

The second tree didn’t managed to have its photo taken with me before the snow but it certainly has had many taken afterwards. This granny pine was growing on the south side of the Dell track between Nethybridge and the Forest Lodge access track in a slightly elevated position. It was probably as old as the willow if not a bit older with many big spreading branches and a big rounded crown before it came crashing down right across the track. There is a possibility that both trees were already established in Abernethy at the time of the Battle of Culloden. If only they could tell you their secrets. Again, old age, internal decay and the sheer weight of snow brought about its demise but there will be many happy beetles when they find the tree later in the year. Unlike the willow, this tree will not sprout new growth but is now more famous in death than ever it was when it was alive. The reason for this is that RSPB were in the process of consulting with local folk, SNH and Cairngorm Park staff about its long term future – should it stay as it fell, straddling the Dell track or should it go? A few branches were removed to allow safe, pedestrian passage under the fallen tree but before the consultation process had even begun, someone or persons unknown removed more branches to allow vehicles to pass under the tree. Those consulted are happy for the tree to stay and, provided ongoing safety checks continue to show the tree is safe, it will remain as it fell and hopefully will become a feature for those folk using the Dell track, similar to the existing Weeping Pine and the Fairy Tree. Deadwood is a vital component of a healthy ecosystem. The deadwood component of Abernethy is currently about a third of that which is found in semi-nature forests elsewhere in Europe. Wherever possible trees, branches etc will be left where they fall throughout the forest to increase the deadwood component to benefit those species dependant on it. The fallen Granny pine goes a little way to meeting that objective.

The thaw when it arrived was quite amazing, first real drips on 15 February and within three days it was possible to cycle most of the way to work. The rivers rose alarmingly but the River Spey managed to stay within its banks and with the reduction in snow depth it was possible to remove the many branches from county roads and internal forest tracks. As the temperature soared to eleven degrees Centigrade the first song thrush appeared, mistle thrushes started singing along with most of the residents within the forest. Lapwings, oystercatchers and curlews appeared in numbers in fields along the Spey and a couple of male capercaillie were found one morning close to one of the known lek sites. Perhaps spring has sprung? The mild weather brought with it lots of cloud so the potential for looking for Comet Lulin was very limited. One evening though did start off quite clear and I walked up the road to a clearing in the forest close to the Speyside Way. On the way I first encountered a toad crossing the road and then several newts, all heading to a nearby pool; the first of the year. Venus was easy to find shining brightly in the south-western sky (it’s on one of its close visits to earth apparently) but when I couldn’t find the Plough I knew that cloud was building and within half an hour all things celestial had disappeared. On the way home I came across my first frog of the year so a disappointment on the comet front but a great night for all things amphibian. On 2 March I found my first frog spawn on the same day that I didn’t need my bike lights either going to or cycling back from work. Great!

At the end of February I received some amazing news linking back to the tooth fungi survey way back in the autumn of 2007. From earlier diaries you might remember that in the last two years of survey work I have mentioned a mystery Hydnellum (right) found near Loch Mallachie. A first stab at identification by a local mycological expert produced the name Hydnellum gracilipes, which, if correct, would have been new to Britain. However, there are real problems in getting some of the “difficult” tooth fungi identified and a specimen from this site had been sent to a team of people at Cardiff University who are working on the DNA of the species at the centre of the problem. To highlight the depth of this problem one of the species regularly encountered on the surveys – Hydnellum scrobiculatum (photographed and similarly named in Philip’s excellent guide) probably doesn’t exist in Britain! The biggest stumbling block in getting to the bottom of the identification problem is MONEY, the team at Cardiff seem to be working on a shoestring budget and without some funding during 2008, little progress would be made with the material from Loch Mallachie. A few phone calls and emails early in 2008 managed to get a promise of some funding from RSPB, but appeals to SNH and the Cairngorm Park folk failed to raise a penny, despite the fact that the Cairngorms National Park area holds some of the most important populations of this rare group of fungi in the UK. And then Martyn’s email arrived, the fungus from Loch Mallachie was Hydnellum cumulatum, a species new to Britain – well done Taylor. However, a fungus found in 2001 and checked by Gordon Dickson (one of our Orton team members) was also this species, and had tentatively been named as such by Gordon. So I didn’t quite manage a first but there is a chance that I would have been with Gordon and I may have even collected the fungus at the time, but we are both struggling to remember exactly where it was found! Currently there are two sites for H. cumulatum at Loch Mallachie and another small group was found at Forest Lodge, within a kilometre of the original 2001 find. Another fungus collected also in 2001 by the Orton team and sent by Gordon to Martyn, turned out to be Hynellum gracilipes another new species for Britain! This one however, hasn’t been re-found. Let’s see what the 2009 season brings. These finds really do put Abernethy Forest at the top of the tooth fungi league with 14 of the current UK total of 19 extant species recorded within the reserve.

Some amazing news on the green shield-moss survey shortly but, on 1 March I actually returned to doing a bit of roving BTO Atlas work. Hugh, who co-ordinates the Atlas in Highland Region emailed to say that despite the fact that our local Ordnance Survey 10km NJ01 had had the required number of ‘timed’ visits (half by yours truly) the total number of species recorded, based on previous Atlas’s and information from BTO Birdtrack, was at just 70% and would it be possible to do some casual recording in the under-recorded tetrads (2x2 kilometre squares) so that the completed Atlas gave a true refection of what should be recorded from NJ01. So, binoculars round the neck I headed out to Loch a’ Chnuic and Carn a’ Loinne. On 1 March in this part of Abernethy you are not going to see too many birds and the three hour wander produced 12 species. There was also a secondary motive for heading for this area. As part of the reserves long-term forestry plan as required by the Forestry Commission for grant applications, a list of known archaeological sites has to be provided, and this is something that I have been working on at work. Within the woodland on Carn a’ Loinne a “walled enclosure” (above right) is listed and this was something I had seen in the past. What was lacking though was a reasonably accurate grid reference and the secondary objective therefore was to try and re-find the site and establish one. On the way a large cushion of Sphagnum quinquetarium in one of the wetter bits of the wood was covered in amazingly shaped capsules and right next to the walled enclosure the familiar sight of a lightning strike tree (left) came in to view. This probably dated back to the amazing storm we had in June 2007 that caused so much damage and brings to three the number of trees now found that were hit by lightning. On the way back to the track a large patch of mire had to be crossed and I came across the straggly runners of small cranberry (Vaccinium microcarpum) covering a cotton grass tussock but was amazed to see the runners still supported berries, though somewhat soft, from summer 2008. The cotton grass was also starting to grow and the new flowering heads were popping up everywhere. Fresh food for capers and black grouse.

In late February I was invited to visit a small community managed woodland close to the Moniack Winery place near Beauly by Sandy and Claire to help with a search for green shield-moss sites. The day was successful and 12 sites were found, six of which had been found previously. The real highlight of the day though was the hairy decent down into the gorge of the Moniack Burn. Steep and wet under foot, trees had to be aimed for on the way down the slope to stop you taking off and ending up somewhere down near the river. On one slope of wellie removing soft ground, Claire asked if I knew what the impressively red cup fungus were that we were seeing all around us. They did look familiar but I couldn’t produce a name so I decided to take a photograph for checking later. We carried on checking logs for green shield-moss capsules and soon ran out of any sign of the fungus. When I got home I downloaded the photographs from the day and when the fungus appeared on the screen I got the Philip’s field guide out and found that we had been looking at, was probably Sarcoscypha coccinea, the scarlet elf cap – what a brilliant name. With any find that I am not familiar with I usually check the distribution map on the National Biodiversity Network Gateway website (http://data.nbn.org.uk/gridMap/gridMap.jsp?allDs=1&srchSpKey=NHMSYS0001497077) and when I did I was amazed to find that of the two species known (Sarcoscypha coccinea & austriaca) there were very few records this far north in the UK! I emailed the photo to Liz, a mycological expert in the hope that she could name what had been found, “did you take a specimen?” came the reply, and of course I hadn’t despite Claire suggesting that we should. Another trip would have to be made to solve the mystery particularly with something that needed to be checked under a microscope and when the location could be quite important regarding the fungus’s UK distribution. Something for the next diary particularly that a re-visit would involve a 90 mile round trip and “the specimen” would then need to be sent to Liz for correct identification.

The most amazing discovery though has again involved the green shield-moss. In mid-February I had a visit from Eric from Deeside who was keen to see the moss so that he could keep an eye open for it when carrying out other surveys in his own area. The day went well and Eric did well by finding his very own site whilst at Abernethy. After Eric had left and I made my way back down the Forest Lodge track, I noticed a wood ant nest set back from the track in a damp piece of woodland, I couldn’t find any moss capsules so I wandered casually towards an area of Scots pines that had died naturally many years ago. Again nothing was found. In the distance I noticed an area of felled Norway spruces (left), seventy year old trees that had been felled about 10 years ago, and left where they had been felled as part of the exotic conifer removal programme but also left as deadwood habitat. Hmm, exotics, not likely to be very productive, I was thinking but the first tree, a big tree at that, looked like it held potential, the appearance of the bark on the tree started to look quite interesting, similar to bark with capsules I had seen on other tree species. Bingo, a group of about a dozen capsules came into view and the count started. 20, 30, 50, 60, 62 capsules were found, all on the bark of the felled tree. The buttress roots of the stump of one of the other felled trees produced capsules, then another tree, another stump……… At the end of a couple of days of searching the small area of felled spruces 285 capsules had been found on 29 trees or stumps. Amazing! Is this the epicentre of the moss in Europe? And it got better. The following day I checked out one of the known wood ant nest sites where capsules had been found during last season and there, growing next to three green shield-moss capsules was a single capsule of its close relative, the brown shield-moss (right), probably the first time that the two species have been found growing together in the UK. Currently, the latter species is the rarer or the two in the UK but unlike its relative, it isn’t a protected species and doesn’t have a Biodiversity Action Plan (http://www.ukbap.org.uk/) aimed at ensuring its future wellbeing.

That’s it, hopefully the next diary will follow very shortly.

Best wishes

Stewart & Janet

rabbit tracks in the snow with Cairngoms backdrop



All photos © Stewart Taylor

Not quite Springwatch but pretty good all the same

Happy New Year.

At the time of the last diary I was just making my way to the offices of the Cairngorm National Park Authority, the Park had provided a small grant towards the cost of the autumn tooth fungi survey and to ensure the grant was paid (to RSPB), I had to have my survey report with them by Christmas. With help from Mark at RSPB HQ, the distribution maps were produced, and working my way through the data on the 600 tooth fungi locations, the final figures were eventually sorted and the report completed. Details of the last three years of survey are given in the table below; the last bit of outstanding work to consider is the possible production of a paper for one of the mycological journals.

Species ........................................2006..... 2007..... 2008

Bankera fuligineoalba ....................17.......... 25..........122

Hydnellum aurantiacum ................4..............3........... 13

Hydnellum caeruleum ....................9..............5............27

Hydnellum ferrugineum .................1............. 1..............5

Hydnellum peckii ..........................20 ...........31 .........150

Hydnellum scrobiculatum ............14 ...........11 ............55

Phellodon melaleucus .....................8.............. 7............36

Phellodon niger ...............................6.............. 4 ............19

Phellodon tomentosus .................15............... 8........... 40

Sarcodon glaucopus .......................9 ...............5 ...........25

Sarcodon squamosus ...................33 ............14 ...........68

Total sites .....................................181 ..........454 ........560
Minimum No of fungi counted ....N/A........2767........3797

At the start of the Christmas break I also re-started the Dicranum bergeri (moss) survey and just to show that not all surveys of these rarer species produces easy results three whole days of walking transects across the bog right by the osprey nest site didn’t find a single cushion. The search though goes on.

Tooth fungi report delivered and it was off to spend Christmas with daughter Laura and fiancé Douglas in the Aberdeen-shire countryside – and the cat went too! Good company, brilliant food and great birds in the garden. Tree sparrows, perhaps up to 10, all coming in to the well provisioned bird feeders, along with the more regular species of blue, great and coal tits, yellowhammers, goldfinches and a tribe of pheasants! Laura said she had been seeing hundreds of starlings gathering to roost nearby so my first evening was spent watching the gathering and making a stab at 1500-2000 birds, not quite the million or so seen on Spring Watch, but always good fun to watch. Santa visited with lots of great presents and the smell of Christmas dinner cooking minimised the attack on the masses of chocolate that Santa seems to always deliver.

Boxing Day’s recovery outing was to Fyvie Castle an imposing pink castle set in well wooded grounds. A still frosty day with brilliant blue skies made this a great outing and well worth repeating when the castle and gardens are open. The property is owned by the National Trust for Scotland an expensive undertaking looking at the various pieces of iron-work holding the bulging walls together. We made it back to the house in time to have another look at the starling roost and, using the camera, have a go at getting a photo in which all the birds could be counted. From a couple of birds whizzing around at 15.25 numbers quickly built up and by the time the birds were thinking of diving for cover (below right) at 15.50 it looked like there about 1500 birds. The ability to fly together as if attached by invisible wires allowed a few photos of the flock to be taken and from one similar to this on the left, I was able to make a fairly accurate count showing that there were about 1700 birds. You can get a bit cross-eyed but it is the best way of getting a reasonably accurate count. A short walk along the road from the house before we set off back home proved very beneficial. A faint calling from a distant flock of finch-like birds made me think 'snow buntings', but realistically thought they must be chaffinches or similar. The flock was fast moving and it was only as the birds swooped down as though going to land in a field that they were visible below the skyline and sure enough I was looking at about 100 snow buntings. Snow buntings and a few thousand grey geese and it was time to capture the cat and head back over the hills to home, thank you both for a wonderful few days.

A very strange picture greeted us on the way home as we drove closer to Aberlour, all the fields, trees etc were all very white, just as though it had been snowing. It wasn’t snow but a massive growth of frost on everything we could see. The mild, damp weather in this part of Scotland over Christmas and Boxing Day was suddenly changing and very frosty conditions were setting in. When we arrived home the thermometer was already down to -5C, dropping to -11C over-night. With reserve staff away I had offered to top up the bird and squirrel feeders down at the Osprey Centre – the ones watched over by the closed-circuit cameras. With the heavy frost the feeders were in great demand and there must have been 10-20 coal tits in attendance along with the odd robin, a few chaffinches and 2-3 crested tits. I made a note to remember to bring the camera and the “big” lens the next day. Following another very frosty night the sky was clear and the sun started to make an appearance. Between 10 and 11am was the only time that the sun penetrated the area where the feeders hang so the feeders were filled and as the sun flooded in, I got the camera going. With the birds on the feeders, lots of bits of nuts fall to the ground and it was here that the robins and crested tits were feeding. Two treecreepers also put in an appearance. Interestingly, with the temperature down at about -10C, no squirrels were seen. A few nice photos were taken and it was then off round the roads and tracks to photograph the amazing frost scenes. A visit to Loch an Eilean the next day (-15C overnight) saw lots of folk able to visit the castle on the island in the loch, the frost had been severe enough to produce a covering of ice probably nine or ten inches thick, making it safe probably, to walk just about anywhere on the loch. The walk back to the car from the loch as the sun started to set and the mist rolled in, was a spectacular sight.

The joy of New Year celebrations were short lived with the wanton destruction and killings in the world’s biggest prison camp going by the name of Gaza. How, in the year 2009 can such actions be allowed, whatever the provocations? Shame on the governments of America and Britain for supporting this action and for those rubber-necks in Israel who stood on their green and verdant hills watching their army bulldozing whole communities, shelling hospitals and destroying the humanitarian aid stored in UN warehouses. Terminator 1 – Lebanon, the sequel Terminator 2 – Gaza, lets see what happens ahead of the next Israeli elections.

A light dusting of snow as the New Year frost eased, thawed a bit and then froze solid as the frost returned. Forest tracks turned into skating rinks and the job of getting to work at Forest Lodge turned into a daily challenge. Eventually this thawed and on 12 January I managed for the first time in 2009 to cycle to work, though this meant walking the still ice bound sections of track. This milder spell had robins singing and greater spotted woodpeckers drumming; folk were starting to think that we were through the worst of the winter weather. With a birthday due in the first week of February I decided to take a weeks holiday so that I could do a bit of green shield-moss hunting, and, for a couple of days all went well and we even managed a birthday outing to Spey Bay, with fish and chips on the way back. However, as the south of England ground to a halt, we started to get a few flurries of snow in Nethybridge, the first on the 4th February, and by the end of that day I knew we were going to have fun. 5” by 5th and 13” by 7th and as I type we have just had another 4”. It’s funny; I haven’t heard much about all this on the national news! We didn’t even reach national news when the temperature on Tuesday morning went down to -20C in Grantown on Spey, I looked like someone trying to reach the North Pole when I got to work that morning, with hoare frost on clothing and ice on beard and 'tash! Forest Lodge is not the place to work with temperatures as low as this – it was built as a summer shooting lodge and not for -6C during the day. The scenery though is absolutely stunning, but it is very hard going when trying to get to see it.

A trip with daughter Ruth and grandson Finlay to Glasgow to pick up her new car saw deep snow in Drumochter, heavy rain in Glasgow and sun when we stopped for lunch on the way back in Dunblane. We parked by the cathedral and while Ruth fed Finlay and ogled at her shiny new purchase, I nipped off to eat my sandwiches as I walked down to the river (Allan Water). Within a few yard I heard a familiar sound and a hundred metres along the track I came upon 17 waxwings feeding on rosehips. Where is the camera and big lens when you need it! They didn’t stay long enough for me to get the wee camera and were last seen flying over the cathedral. There have been 20 in Boat of Garten and 22 in Grantown on Spey feeding on cotoneaster berries, and a few additional records round about with the birds feeding on juniper berries.

The highlights though of late January have been looking for a couple of lichens as well as the ongoing searches for the green shield-moss. Between the 17 and 31st January 13 new locations were found for the moss, a brilliant site on an ancient, live willow, 2 more on ant nests, several on the ground and 1 on a great heap of rotting birch with 29 capsules, 13 of which where growing together. Abernethy is currently the best site for this moss in the UK with the latest finds taking the number of sites to 61. Not bad when we had 9 when I started. It was whilst checking a moss site that I noticed a bright green lichen growing nearby (left). Checking the reserve species database showed me that we hadn’t any records of lungwort (as I thought the lichen was) so I re-visited the site to get a photo thinking this would be the easiest way to get the lichen properly identified. When I checked the photo against photos on the web I realised that it wasn’t a lungwort (Lobaria spp) but a member of the family Peltigera, so I emailed the picture to Dave at SNH to get the right name. “There are a few possibilities” emailed Dave, “but most likely Peltigera britannica or leucophlebia, you will need to see if the cephalodia (black dots on the thallus – the leafy body of the lichen) are easy to remove or not”. If only I had known this before my second trip, so another visit is on the cards but the snow will need to melt first. A bit more reading and looking at the photos lead me to P. britannica which would not only be new to the reserve, but also a new 10km and 100km OS square record. Watch this space. Talking over the find with Andy, our reserve Ecologist, reminded me that I had shown him the other lichen (lungwort) a couple of decades ago. He thought we had visited a part of Tore Hill when I showed it to him. So, before the weather turned, I headed to Tore Hill, searching first an area of low crags which I thought might also be a possible location. No lungwort, but a few clumps of the common but brilliant wee apple moss (Bartramia pomiformis), along with masses of common polypody fern. Andy thought we had been removing a deer fence at the time so I headed in this direction. I had forgotten how interesting this area is, a mixture of young and old Scots pines, a few birches and rowans and large impenetrable stands of juniper. Despite my thoughts of ‘looking for a needle in a haystack’ I did find it, a tiny clump of Lobaria pulmonaria, growing at the base of a biggish rowan tree (right), and a single plant on an adjacent dead ancient juniper bush. Brilliant. Continuing my search for more lungwort I noticed an ancient, moss covered wood ant nest, and growing on the nest were 3 green shield-moss capsules, the most westerly site yet found in Abernethy!

I had a great day on 24 January. The Malloch Society ( http://www.mallochsociety.org.uk/ )was holding its 20th AGM at the Boat Hotel and I had been invited, as a guest. The reason for my invite was my association with two of the key members of the Society, over many years, looking for rare hoverflies within Abernethy. Twenty years ago, the fledgling Society made one of its first recording outings, in Abernethy, following earlier visits to the reserve by Graham and Iain to alert me to the past presence of the Pine Hoverfly, Blera fallax. To date, this fly has yet to be re-found in Abernethy despite the installation of trial artificial breeding sites and searches close to the last recorded site. The latest version of my artificial breeding site (installed in May 2008) is shown (left), and with the lid removed you can see that other hoverfly larvae are present (right) but I will need to wait until a return visit by the experts in the spring, to fully empty the artificial site to see if there could be a Blera fallax larva hiding somewhere. Fingers crossed in the hope that we can prove that this very rare fly still resides in Abernethy.

That’s it for now, enjoy the read

Stewart & Janet

Stewart’s birthday present, a watch & mobile weather station!

Squirrels galore but a sad end to 2008

The 1st November saw the end of an era in the farming township of Tulloch, close to Loch Garten. When Janet and myself moved to the Loch Garten reserve in 1976 our first place of residence was a caravan based in the Operation Osprey Camp at Inchdryne, the ‘camp’ being the place where staff and volunteers lived during the osprey breeding season, but that is another story. Miss Mac (Bella Macdonald) was the tenant farmer at Inchdryne and, in common with the residents of most of the other houses or farms in Tulloch had been born or had lived most of their lives in the properties that they occupied. Jimuck Rymore (Grant) was the first to go having lived all his life at Rymore. Johnie Cullachie (Grant) was next, Mrs Rattray, Alex Macdonald, Mrs Smith………..more recently Hamish Gordon and lastly Jimmy Easter Tulloch (Cameron). All friendly folk, several real characters and all of them fairly content to eke out a living from a few cattle and sheep that they reared on their smallholdings. Jimmy’s flock of sheep had a blood line running back to sheep the family were rearing in the 1920s! We moved from Tulloch to Nethybridge in 1990 and a bit of young blood has moved into the Tulloch community, smallholdings have been merged to make bigger farms and several of the properties are now holiday homes. Any characters? Not a one.

So Jimmy’s passing saw the end of an era and, with the small farm probably passing to an adjacent holding, the house and farm buildings had to be emptied. The 1st November was the date of the Easter Tulloch farm displenish sale or roup. Tractor, ploughs, feed troughs and most of the contents of the house and farm buildings were sold by auction at the farm. Not many of these sales take place locally now so folk came from far and wide to see what was being sold. The sale started at 11am and was done and dusted by 2pm, it then took a couple of days to see all the farm implements removed from site and on that one day the farm had seen the busiest day in its lifetime. Looking at the piles of stones round the edges of some fields, the farm probably came into being around 1860, Seafield Estates providing the timber for the buildings, the tenant being responsible for getting the buildings completed and for converting rough ground into more productive field of grass, oats or potatoes – hence the stones which had been cleared, over many decades, from the newly ploughed fields. The buildings have the most commanding views across Tulloch Moor, Loch Garten and Loch Mallachie out to Boat of Garten and the Monadhliath hills so it will be interesting to see what happens if the estate decide to sell them. Jimmy was a true farmer, it was his life and I’m not sure I will see the like of him again.

Our grandson Finlay joined us for a day and we headed for Findhorn Bay. Whilst there we had lunch at the Findhorn Foundation, a slightly wacky place but one part of which has probably some of the ‘greenest’ buildings in the country. The first houses sporting grass roofs appeared in the 1980s, followed by solar panels, photo-voltaic cells and windmills. You are free to visit and I would recommend a walk round the houses to anyone visiting the area. “Is that a crossbill on that peanut feeder?” Janet said, my first thought had been greenfinch as I chased Finlay along the road, but sure enough, a juvenile crossbill was on the feeder and taking on all comers that were trying to share the nuts. A quick dash back to the car for the camera and I managed to take the photo left. A crossbill on a bird feeder could be quite unusual.

Plenty of writing to keep me occupied since the last diary, a biodiversity article for RSPB’s Impact newsletter, a personal article covering 30 years at Abernethy but highlighting the 20 years since the Forest Lodge Estate was bought to be mailed to the major donors to the £1.8 million appeal, a piece for the local “Nethy” newspaper about the BTO Bird Atlas 2008 and sorting a talk to be given by colleague Richard at the Scottish Staff Conference. Whilst Richard was away for a couple of weeks I also looked after the bird and squirrel feeders at the Osprey Centre which allowed the first encounter with the red squirrels. Website (see http://www.rspb.org.uk/webcams/feeders/abernethyvideo.asp for the live feed from the feeders). The main feeder is a ‘help yourself’ feeder, where the squirrels just lift a lid to get at the peanuts but they also take nuts from the wire bird feeders. I stayed for a while to see if I could get anything unusual and it was only after about half an hour I could see a pattern developing obviously linked to individual squirrels. The same squirrel (I assume) would come into the feeder, following exactly the same route, same trees, same branches, fill its mouth with peanuts and then depart in roughly the same direction from which it had arrived. Most of the peanuts taken away were being buried or hidden in the nearby woodland. A strange pastime when the feeders are nearly almost always full! The squirrel left, was about 50 metres from the feeder but its mouth was still full of peanuts. Coal tits were also seen doing the same thing – hence the reason why the birds and squirrels regularly visiting the feeders don’t have pot bellies! As a rough estimate I would suggest there must be 30+ coal tits feeding and goodness knows how many squirrels.




On 4 November, sadly Tibby cat died after a short illness, this was the ginger cat chalet visitors would see dodging about the garden.



At long last I managed to visit it. I have looked at it for many years, I’ve photographed it from afar (left) and an osprey once tried to build a nest on top of it – the Duke of Gordon monument on a hill just south of Aviemore. This imposing monument points skywards from amongst a hill covered in mature birch and Scots pine trees, a few huge and very old aspen trees, and dense patches of juniper. On one side of the hill is a section of Wade Road and on the other the estate houses and the River Spey. Access to the estate isn’t encouraged but you are free to walk round the hill on the estate road and Wade Road. There is a hidden track which takes you to the monument but I had, at the last minute, decided on a direct ascent – straight up the steep face. There was a bit of method in this madness, the view out across the wee lochan known as The Bogach (right) can only be obtained from this route, and I was keen to see what it looked like from above. This is one of the few water bodies locally where you can regularly see mute swans though on this particular day, they were absent possibly due to the lochan being 50% frozen. There were, though twenty-four grey herons, an indication that there must be a heronry somewhere nearby or the fishing is exceptional. Tufted duck, mallard and goldeneye were the only other waterfowl present. The direct ascent has one big problem – juniper bushes! They are in places quite amazing, big mature bushes and very difficult to walk through so several detours had to be made. Eventually though the summit was reached and there in all its glory was the Duke of Gordon monument. They didn’t do things in small measures in the 1830s and I would suggest that this monument could be compared to the Angel of the North today. It certainly shows that the Duke must have been held in high esteem. In case the wording on the plaque left, can’t be read from the photo it says:

“Erected in memory of His Grace George Fifth and Last Duke of Gordon G.C.B. General in the British Army. Colonel of the Third Regiment of Foot Guards. Governor of the Castle of Edinburgh. Lord Lieutenant of Aberdeenshire etc, etc, etc. Who died on the 28th May 1836. In the sixty-sixth year of his age.
He was a generous Landlord. A patriotic Highlander and a brave Soldier – at once the delight of the Noble and the friend of the poor.”

The Duke died in 1840 and the monument was paid for by ‘public subscription’. Amazing.

For more information see http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/scotgaz/people/famousfirst1473.html . Not only do we have the Duke of Gordon monument near Aviemore, but another significant statue/monument to the man can also be seen on (another) hill at the west end of Elgin high street, close to Elgin cathedral. " On top of Lady Hill, which rises to the southwest of Elgin and was once the site of Elgin Castle, is a 24m high (80 feet) monument erected in 1839 in honour of the 5th Duke of Gordon, the first Commander of the Gordon Highlanders regiment. The duke's statue was placed on the pillar in 1855. From the top of the hill are views across Elgin to the Cairngorms and at the base of the hill lies Anderson's Institution".

Following the track back down the hill you come upon another amazing memorial pre-dating even the Duke’s one. On the south-east side of the track you suddenly come upon an enormous cairn about fifty metres from the track. The interesting bit is round the other side. Here, in a big recess is a bronze plaque erected by the Marquis of Huntly to commemorate two named men and others who fell in the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. It is a pity that a few mindless visitors choose to try and deface the plaques on these two monuments, a recent bit of graffiti on the Waterloo plaque would appear to be from a member of the Kings Own Scottish Borderers! Both monuments are shown clearly on OS Map sheet 36.


How are the green shield-mosses I hear you ask? Not very well is the answer. Well, in having followed a few of the sites from the day the first worm-like youngsters appeared through to present the loss of capsules has been enormous. Perhaps this is normal, few logs have been monitored on a regular basis so perhaps the strategy is produce a lot and hope a few get through. Logs that had very young capsules in September had lost them all within a week, another log had more than 80 very young capsules, a few weeks later 30 and recently about half of that. The two pictures show a small patch of one log and how capsules have fared. A visit to the brown shield-moss site near Crathie Church on Deeside went without a hitch, it was mid-week, there were no Royals in residence and I managed to find two sites (only one there last season) with a total of six capsules. Despite what the distribution maps show, the latter has to now be the rarer of the two mosses in Britain – locally we only know of two sites compared to seventy six green shield-moss sites last season. Watch this space.

On the wedding front everyone has recovered and a great time was had by all. Ruth and Sean have a couple of websites where you can see photos of the big day. See http://www.aviemorephotographic.com/online.asp?area=Weddings&Subject=RuthSean and http://www.ruthandseanwedding.co.uk/

That’s it for 2008.

Have a happy Christmas and all best wishes for 2009.

Stewart & Janet



This last photo for the diary is in memory of a dear friend who visited Loch Garten on many, many occasions with her husband John. Marion and John Kirby were present at the Osprey Centre every spring in nearly all the years I have been at the reserve, checking and installing the sound equipment that brings live sounds to the Centre from the osprey nest and from lekking capercaillie in April and May. John and Marion could also be encountered on the tracks close to Loch Garten, Marion listening for crossbills, crested tits and other woodland birds and John recording their songs via parabolic reflector onto his tape recorder. Their sounds were regularly heard on wildlife programmes on both TV and radio. Sadly, Marion died on 13 November and will be greatly missed at Firwood.

All photos © Stewart Taylor